January 5, 2020 when WHO announces on every news entity worldwide that a new infectious disease is emerging and it is one of the deadliest virus discovered so far. As of this writing, 12th of August, there are more than 20 million infected worldwide by this Corona Virus Disease or commonly known as CoViD-19. There are 12.5 million who recovered from the disease but humanity was strucked by 740 thousand deaths. United States, Brazil and India have the most number of cases.  The world hasn't developed a cure so far, and the race is On. Every developed country is trying their best to come on top developing a vaccine to combat this Pandemic. Would you believe that there are more than 150 countries who are engaged in CoViD-19 Vaccine? According to WHO, seventy-five countries submit expressions of interest to COVAX Facility, joining up to 90 further countries which could be supported by the COVAX Advance Market Commitment (AMC). The COVAX Facility, and the AMC within it, is designed to g

Part I    Piloncitos Part II    Barter Rings Part III    Alfonso Coin Part IV    Two-Centavo Copper Coin Part V    1906 S This is Part VI of our Philippine Money series. All earlier Parts are linked above. This Part is all about the Japanese occupation in the Philippines during and after the 2nd World War which lasted three years, from 1942 to 1945. After the American Regime in the Philippines from 1900-1941, there goes the 2nd World War. One of the Invaders which plays a great role in that Battle, are the Japanese.  The Commonwealth of the Philippines was attacked by the Empire of Japan on December 8, 1941, nine hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor (the Philippines is on the Asian side of the international date line). The United States of America controlled the Philippines at the time and possessed important military bases there. The combined American-Filipino army was defeated in the Battle of Bataan and the Battle of Corregidor in April 1942, but guerrilla resistance against the

Part I      Piloncitos Part II    Barter Rings Part III    Alfonso Coin Part IV    Two-Centavo Copper Coin This is Part V of our Philippine Money series, all Parts prior to this are linked above. When the Americans occupy the Philippines defeating the Spaniards on 1898, and after the Americans inhibited and banned Aguinaldo to print his own Coins, they released those new form of currency and the United States coins were introduced. This era on our currency is called the American Period and it happens from 1900 to 1941, just before the Peak of the Second World War. In 1903 and 1904, the US mint at Philadelphia struck bronze-minted half centavo coins for circulation. Eventually, the coin was withdrawn from circulation because it was rejected by Filipinos for its low value. Following the Spanish-American War, the United States gained control of the Philippine Islands under the 1898 Treaty of Paris. In 1903, the Philadelphia Mint began making coins for the Philippines based on a Centavos/P

Part I        Piloncitos Part II       Barter Rings Part III      Alfonso Coin This is Part IV of our Philippine Money Series. Earlier Parts are linked above. We will call this Era of our currency The Revolutionary Period. Before we discuss anything about our Money system during the Revolutionary Period, you should learn that the Philippines is under the Ruling of the Spaniards from 1565 to 1898, as the Colonization starts with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi's expedition on 13th of February. Then it all ended when America defeated Spain on "The Great American War". Of course, the Philippines then became a territory of the United States. Emilio Aguinaldo When the U.S. declared war on Spain, Emilio Aguinaldo saw a possibility that the Philippines might achieve its independence; the U.S. hoped instead that Aguinaldo would lend his troops to its effort against Spain. He returned to Manila on May 19, 1898 and declared Philippine independence on June 12. On 10 December

Part I Piloncitos Part II      Barter Rings OK, we have discussed about Ingots, Piloncitos and Barter Rings, those were our Money here in the Philippines while in our infamous Galleon Trade during the Pre-Hispanic era or during before the 1500s. Before we are being discovered by Ferdinand Magellan, so as our History says.  This is Part III of our Philippine Money series, Parts I and II are linked above. Now, let's see what kind of Money we have used during the Hispanic Era, this happens from 1521-1897, after all, a Portuguese Navigator named Ferdinand Magellan discovered our country on March 16, 1521. Macuquinas 1739 Dos Mundos The cobs or macuquinas of colonial mints were the earliest coins brought in by the galleons from Mexico and other Spanish colonies.  These silver coins usually bore a cross on one side and the Spanish royal coat-of-arms on the other. The Spanish dos mundos were circulated extensively not only in the Philippines but the world over from 1732-1772.   Treasu

Part I    Piloncitos This is Part II of our Philippine Money series, and Part I is linked above.  We have started talking about Philippine money and within that list, one of the probably, oldest system of them all is, The Barter Rings. According to the Central Bank of the Philippines, the trade among the early Filipinos and with traders from the neighboring islands was conducted through barter. The inconvenience of barter later led to the use of some objects as medium of exchange. Gold, which was plentiful in many parts of the islands, invariably found its way into these objects that included the Piloncitos, small bead-like gold bits considered by the local numismatists as the earliest coin of the ancient Filipinos, and gold barter rings. During the early times of the Galleon Trade or the infamous "Kalakalang Galyon", the earliest Filipinos traded with gold ring-like ingots, very similar to the first coins invented in the Kingdom of Lydia in present day Turkey. These barter r

When we talk about the kind of monetary system in the Philippines, one of probably the oldest kind are the Piloncitos. Piloncitos or also known as Bulawan, are tiny engraved gold coins or weights found in the country from the Archaic period or the pre-Hispanic era. We have taught by our beloved teachers about the Barter during those times. It is the way trade among the early Filipinos and with traders from neighboring islands was conducted. The inconvenience of barter later led to the use of some objects as a medium of exchange. Gold, which was plentiful in many parts of the islands, invariably found its way into these objects that included the Piloncitos, small bead-like gold bits considered by the local numismatists as the earliest coin of ancient Filipinos, and gold barter rings. The word is derived from Spanish "Piloncitos", meaning "little weights." Piloncitos is presumably an offshoot of the silver and may have evolved into the bullet or Pod duang coinage of S

A lot of people nowadays wanted to collect something, might it be from a hobby or just plain interest on something. I myself on the other hand, is fond of collecting Coins, among others. I have written this to encourage you to do same, not just so you can be a part of a certain group but to gain something of great value in the future. In an interview with Mr. Rod Gillis, an Education Director for the American Numismatic Association, he says that, "If you are new to Coin collecting, I would like to spend a moment talking to you about, perhaps the most important decision that you're going to make in your collecting career, and that is, HOW TO COLLECT." There really are a lot of people who are fond of collecting Coins, not just in the US, but all around the world. There are people who collects Coins from the places they visit, some are collecting Coins from the year of their birth, some are collecting Coins if they see a certain animal in there or if it is shiny or