As the world evolves, and technology progresses, there are a lot of ways nowadays to earn and spend money. Welcome to the digital world. Let us talk about Digital Currency. On 3 January 2009, the bitcoin network was created when Nakamoto mined the starting block of the chain, known as the genesis block. At that time, price of 1 Bitcoin is 0 $, and now as of this writing, 1 Bitcoin is equivalent to almost 32,000 dollars.  After the successful run of the Crypto Currency; a digital currency in which transactions are verified and records maintained by a decentralized system using cryptography, rather than by a centralized authority, let us all welcome the creation of NFT. NFT stands for non-fungible token. It's generally built using the same kind of programming as cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin or Ethereum, but that's where the similarity ends. Physical money and cryptocurrencies are “fungible,” meaning they can be traded or exchanged for one another. NFT started dates back to 2017,

I have spent the whole night trying to do some research on Saudi coins. Fortunately, I have gained some luck to write an article about one great Coin of Saudi Arabia, the Umayyad Dinar. According to Wiki, the gold dinar is an Islamic medieval gold coin first issued in AH 77 (696–697 CE) by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. The weight of the dinar is 1 mithqal (4.25 grams or 0.137 troy ounces). The word dinar comes from the Latin word denarius, which was a silver coin. The name "dinar" is also used for Sasanid, Kushan, and Kidarite gold coins, though it is not known what the contemporary name was. The first dinars were issued by the Umayyad Caliphate. Under the dynasties that followed the use of the dinar spread from Islamic Spain to Central Asia. Just recently, a rare Islamic gold coin sold by Morton & Eden Ltd. Last April 4, 2021, it has established a new record price for a non-U.S. coin sold at auction. The Umayyad dinar dated A.H. 105 (circa A.D. 723 to 724) realized £3,

As a self proclaimed Numismatist, I have an ample amount of great Coins in my Collection. It took me more than 20 years searching. researching and eventually collecting those precious Coins yet still, there are so much more to collect. There are few, actually less than 10 pieces of Banknotes in my Collection and honestly, I am having some problems handling them. Paper money became more sensitive as it age. It's condition lasts only around 7 to 8 years then its raw materials starts to deteriorate. However, if you are into collecting Banknotes, one very interesting find is the 1890 Grand Watermelon Bill. Series 1890 $1,000 Treasury Note, nicknamed "The Grand Watermelon" due to the shape and color of the zeros on the reverse. There are only seven known "Grand Watermelon" notes today, which makes it one of the rarest and most sought-after pieces in American paper currency. Imagine this, one of these Banknote was sold in an auction at a whooping 2.04 million American

Part I      Piloncitos Part II             Barter Rings Part III      Alfonso Coin Part IV     Two Centavo Copper Coin Part V      The 1906 S Coin Part VI      The Mickey Mouse Money This is Part VII and the last part of our Philippine Money Series. All earlier Parts are Linked above. This Series is dated 1946, after we win the war against the Japanese, and of course, up to the present times. The First Philippine Republic was under Emilio Aguinaldo year 1899. Jose P. Laurel The Second Philippine Republic was established during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. At the outset of the occupation, the Japanese government established a military administration over the Philippines, as well as the Philippine Executive Commission, composed of several pre-war Filipino political leaders. The KALIBAPI (Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas) was also organized, designed to be the sole and exclusive political organization in the Philippines. On June 16, 1943, Premier Hide

Part I    Piloncitos Part II    Barter Rings Part III    Alfonso Coin Part IV    Two-Centavo Copper Coin Part V    1906 S This is Part VI of our Philippine Money series. All earlier Parts are linked above. This Part is all about the Japanese occupation in the Philippines during and after the 2nd World War which lasted three years, from 1942 to 1945. After the American Regime in the Philippines from 1900-1941, there goes the 2nd World War. One of the Invaders which plays a great role in that Battle, are the Japanese.  The Commonwealth of the Philippines was attacked by the Empire of Japan on December 8, 1941, nine hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor (the Philippines is on the Asian side of the international date line). The United States of America controlled the Philippines at the time and possessed important military bases there. The combined American-Filipino army was defeated in the Battle of Bataan and the Battle of Corregidor in April 1942, but guerrilla resistance against the

Part I      Piloncitos Part II    Barter Rings Part III    Alfonso Coin Part IV    Two-Centavo Copper Coin This is Part V of our Philippine Money series, all Parts prior to this are linked above. When the Americans occupy the Philippines defeating the Spaniards on 1898, and after the Americans inhibited and banned Aguinaldo to print his own Coins, they released those new form of currency and the United States coins were introduced. This era on our currency is called the American Period and it happens from 1900 to 1941, just before the Peak of the Second World War. In 1903 and 1904, the US mint at Philadelphia struck bronze-minted half centavo coins for circulation. Eventually, the coin was withdrawn from circulation because it was rejected by Filipinos for its low value. Following the Spanish-American War, the United States gained control of the Philippine Islands under the 1898 Treaty of Paris. In 1903, the Philadelphia Mint began making coins for the Philippines based on a Centavos/P

Part I        Piloncitos Part II       Barter Rings Part III      Alfonso Coin This is Part IV of our Philippine Money Series. Earlier Parts are linked above. We will call this Era of our currency The Revolutionary Period. Before we discuss anything about our Money system during the Revolutionary Period, you should learn that the Philippines is under the Ruling of the Spaniards from 1565 to 1898, as the Colonization starts with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi's expedition on 13th of February. Then it all ended when America defeated Spain on "The Great American War". Of course, the Philippines then became a territory of the United States. Emilio Aguinaldo When the U.S. declared war on Spain, Emilio Aguinaldo saw a possibility that the Philippines might achieve its independence; the U.S. hoped instead that Aguinaldo would lend his troops to its effort against Spain. He returned to Manila on May 19, 1898 and declared Philippine independence on June 12. On 10 December

Part I Piloncitos Part II      Barter Rings OK, we have discussed about Ingots, Piloncitos and Barter Rings, those were our Money here in the Philippines while in our infamous Galleon Trade during the Pre-Hispanic era or during before the 1500s. Before we are being discovered by Ferdinand Magellan, so as our History says.  This is Part III of our Philippine Money series, Parts I and II are linked above. Now, let's see what kind of Money we have used during the Hispanic Era, this happens from 1521-1897, after all, a Portuguese Navigator named Ferdinand Magellan discovered our country on March 16, 1521. Macuquinas 1739 Dos Mundos The cobs or macuquinas of colonial mints were the earliest coins brought in by the galleons from Mexico and other Spanish colonies.  These silver coins usually bore a cross on one side and the Spanish royal coat-of-arms on the other. The Spanish dos mundos were circulated extensively not only in the Philippines but the world over from 1732-1772.   Treasu

Part I    Piloncitos This is Part II of our Philippine Money series, and Part I is linked above.  We have started talking about Philippine money and within that list, one of the probably, oldest system of them all is, The Barter Rings. According to the Central Bank of the Philippines, the trade among the early Filipinos and with traders from the neighboring islands was conducted through barter. The inconvenience of barter later led to the use of some objects as medium of exchange. Gold, which was plentiful in many parts of the islands, invariably found its way into these objects that included the Piloncitos, small bead-like gold bits considered by the local numismatists as the earliest coin of the ancient Filipinos, and gold barter rings. During the early times of the Galleon Trade or the infamous "Kalakalang Galyon", the earliest Filipinos traded with gold ring-like ingots, very similar to the first coins invented in the Kingdom of Lydia in present day Turkey. These barter r

When we talk about the kind of monetary system in the Philippines, one of probably the oldest kind are the Piloncitos. Piloncitos or also known as Bulawan, are tiny engraved gold coins or weights found in the country from the Archaic period or the pre-Hispanic era. We have taught by our beloved teachers about the Barter during those times. It is the way trade among the early Filipinos and with traders from neighboring islands was conducted. The inconvenience of barter later led to the use of some objects as a medium of exchange. Gold, which was plentiful in many parts of the islands, invariably found its way into these objects that included the Piloncitos, small bead-like gold bits considered by the local numismatists as the earliest coin of ancient Filipinos, and gold barter rings. The word is derived from Spanish "Piloncitos", meaning "little weights." Piloncitos is presumably an offshoot of the silver and may have evolved into the bullet or Pod duang coinage of S